116_The holy and the common Lev 10: 1-11 Now Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, each took his censer and put fire in it and laid incense on it and offered unauthorized fire before the Lord, which he had not commanded them. 2 And fire came out from before the Lord and consumed them, and they died before the Lord. 3 Then Moses said to Aaron, “This is what the Lord has said: ‘Among those who are near me I will be sanctified, and before all the people I will be glorified.’” And Aaron held his peace. 4 And Moses called Mishael and Elzaphan, the sons of Uzziel the uncle of Aaron, and said to them, “Come near; carry your brothers away from the front of the sanctuary and out of the camp.” 5 So they came near and carried them in their coats out of the camp, as Moses had said. 6 And Moses said to Aaron and to Eleazar and Ithamar his sons, “Do not let the hair of your heads hang loose, and do not tear your clothes, lest you die, and wrath come upon all the congregation; but let your brothers, the whole house of Israel, bewail the burning that the Lord has kindled. 7 And do not go outside the entrance of the tent of meeting, lest you die, for the anointing oil of the Lord is upon you.” And they did according to the word of Moses. 8 And the Lord spoke to Aaron, saying, 9 “Drink no wine or strong drink, you or your sons with you, when you go into the tent of meeting, lest you die. It shall be a statute forever throughout your generations. 10 You are to distinguish between the holy and the common, and between the unclean and the clean, 11 and you are to teach the people of Israel all the statutes that the Lord has spoken to them by Moses.” One of the most striking illustrations of presumption is the story of the Titanic. In 1912, the ship was heralded as "unsinkable," a marvel of engineering that could defy nature itself. Despite multiple warnings about icebergs in the vicinity, the ship continued at full speed, deeming as if it were invincible. Many lives were lost because of human arrogance that thought human ingenuity could overcome the forces of nature. Something of the same spirit actuated Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron. On the day they were consecrated as priests, they became overconfident and irreverent. The consequences were devastating. Leviticus 8 details how Aaron and his sons were ordained, as first laid out in Exodus 29. Leviticus 9 describes the first offering made by Aaron and his sons, first for their own sins, then for the sins of the nation. This was the preparation for the revelation of the glory of God. As Moses said in Leviticus 9:6, “This is the thing which the LORD has commanded you to do, that the glory of the LORD may appear to you.” And so the fire of God came forth and consumed the sacrifices, signifying his presence

115_The guilt offering Lev 5:14 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 15 “If anyone commits a breach of faith and sins unintentionally in any of the holy things of the Lord, he shall bring to the Lord as his compensation, a ram without blemish out of the flock, valued in silver shekels, according to the shekel of the sanctuary, for a guilt offering. 16 He shall also make restitution for what he has done amiss in the holy thing and shall add a fifth to it and give it to the priest. And the priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt offering, and he shall be forgiven. 17 “If anyone sins, doing any of the things that by the Lord's commandments ought not to be done, though he did not know it, then realizes his guilt, he shall bear his iniquity. 18 He shall bring to the priest a ram without blemish out of the flock, or its equivalent, for a guilt offering, and the priest shall make atonement for him for the mistake that he made unintentionally, and he shall be forgiven. 19 It is a guilt offering; he has indeed incurred guilt before the Lord.” Lev 6: 1-7 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 2 “If anyone sins and commits a breach of faith against the Lord by deceiving his neighbor in a matter of deposit or security, or through robbery, or if he has oppressed his neighbor 3 or has found something lost and lied about it, swearing falsely—in any of all the things that people do and sin thereby— 4 if he has sinned and has realized his guilt and will restore what he took by robbery or what he got by oppression or the deposit that was committed to him or the lost thing that he found 5 or anything about which he has sworn falsely, he shall restore it in full and shall add a fifth to it, and give it to him to whom it belongs on the day he realizes his guilt. 6 And he shall bring to the priest as his compensation to the Lord a ram without blemish out of the flock, or its equivalent, for a guilt offering. 7 And the priest shall make atonement for him before the Lord, and he shall be forgiven for any of the things that one may do and thereby become guilty.” Many years ago, a wealthy businessman in a small town came to faith in Christ. After his conversion, a deep unease settled upon him. He realized that he had built his fortune through shrewd, and at times, dishonest dealings. His conscience kept him awake at night. Finally he realized his guilt and resolved to restore what he had defrauded others of. He wrote letters of explanation and returned money to everyone he could trace. Some were surprised, others skeptical. However, he found that he had cleared his conscience. His works were the fruit of a heart given to God. This story echoes the essence of the guilt offering described in Leviticus 5:17 to 6:7—a call to

114_The sin offering Lev 4: 1-12 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 2 “Speak to the people of Israel, saying, If anyone sins unintentionally in any of the Lord's commandments about things not to be done, and does any one of them, 3 if it is the anointed priest who sins, thus bringing guilt on the people, then he shall offer for the sin that he has committed a bull from the herd without blemish to the Lord for a sin offering. 4 He shall bring the bull to the entrance of the tent of meeting before the Lord and lay his hand on the head of the bull and kill the bull before the Lord. 5 And the anointed priest shall take some of the blood of the bull and bring it into the tent of meeting, 6 and the priest shall dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle part of the blood seven times before the Lord in front of the veil of the sanctuary. 7 And the priest shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of fragrant incense before the Lord that is in the tent of meeting, and all the rest of the blood of the bull he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering that is at the entrance of the tent of meeting. 8 And all the fat of the bull of the sin offering he shall remove from it, the fat that covers the entrails and all the fat that is on the entrails 9 and the two kidneys with the fat that is on them at the loins and the long lobe of the liver that he shall remove with the kidneys 10 (just as these are taken from the ox of the sacrifice of the peace offerings); and the priest shall burn them on the altar of burnt offering. 11 But the skin of the bull and all its flesh, with its head, its legs, its entrails, and its dung— 12 all the rest of the bull—he shall carry outside the camp to a clean place, to the ash heap, and shall burn it up on a fire of wood. On the ash heap it shall be burned up. Once a little boy broke a precious vase in his home. He had not meant to do it; he had been playing and carelessly bumped into it. Fearful of punishment, he tried to hide the broken pieces. But as the days passed, guilt gnawed at him. Finally, he confessed to his parents. To his surprise, they forgave him. Yet they allowed him to feel the consequences. They used the incident to teach him a lesson about responsibility and restitution. Like the little boy, we often sin unintentionally through a moment’s carelessness or a hasty decision. Yet we remain guilty until we come to God in repentance. The Book of Leviticus, particularly chapter 4, helps us understand sin and atonement. The first three chapters of Leviticus describe various types of sacrifice. In chapter 4, only one type of offering is described